ABSTRACT
Mathematics teaching and learning has been a special focus in the academic discourse due to its felt complexity in teaching and learning. This felt complexity originate from the teacher preparation process itself. Covid 19 pandemic had given a drastic blow to all the educational activities. This has affected the curricular practices in an unimaginable way. An attempt is made here to examine the various problems faced by prospective teachers in online mathematics teaching and learning during the pandemic period. Samples were selected from government/aided/unaided colleges using stratified random sampling technique with the help of a questionnaire developed for the purpose. Analysis of the data has been carried out by using techniques such as percentage, t test and ANOVA. It is concluded from the study that the several hurdles and difficulties has been there specific to mathematics teaching and learning and majority of them were unhappy with the online mathematics teaching and learning.
ABSTRACT
The outbreak of COVID-19, a highly infectious respiratory disease from a novel coronavirus that was first detected in Wuhan city, Hubei Province, China, in December 2019, has since caused a severe outbreak worldwide, prompting WHO to declare the COVID-19 as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. While the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic will be global, both the World Bank and Asian Development Bank assess the Maldives as one of the worst-hit in the world given the high exposure of the Maldivian economy to external shocks, which shares relatively similar conditions like other small island states. This chapter includes the measures taken to control and contain the outbreak, including the establishment of NEOC and its transition to HEOC. It also highlights the key legal frameworks governing response to public health emergencies, the socioeconomic impacts, the effects on the education and public health sector, climate change and environmental challenges, the migrant's situation, and a review of the foreign aid received. This chapter concludes with brief suggestions to strengthen the COVID-19 response in the Maldives. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
The public health crisis of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is alarming since January 2020. COVID-19 genome (SARS-CoV-2) is related to other highly pathogenic coronaviruses SARS-CoV (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus) and MERS-CoV (Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus). Amino acid substitutions in some of SARS-CoV-2 proteins resulted in mutations proposing more virulent and contagious properties for this novel virus. Coronavirus penetrates the host cell via endocytosis and once infected, immune responses are triggered to fight against the pathogen. Innate immune response activates major transcription factors to secrete proinflammatory cytokines and type 1 interferon response (T1INF) to induce antiviral immunity. While adaptive immunity initiates cascade of B-cells antibody mediated and T-cells cellular mediate immunities, several mechanisms are raised by SARS-CoV-2 to evade host immune response. Consequently, a surge of proinflammatory cytokines, known as cytokine storm (CS) are released. Failure to manage CS results in several pathological complications as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Although researches have not discovered an effective treatment against SARS-CoV-2, recent therapeutic approaches recommending the use of anti-inflammatories in combination with antivirals and some repurposed drugs for COVID-19 patients. Future medications should be designed to target essential hallmarks in the CS to improve clinical outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of European Journal of Inflammation (Sage Publications, Ltd.) is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)